Biography of Artist Henry Ossawa Tanner

Born June 21, 1859, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Henry Ossawa Tanner is Americas best known and most popular  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹African American artist born in the nineteenth century. His painting The Banjo Lesson (1893, Hampton University Museum, Hampton, Virginia), hangs in many classrooms and doctors offices across the nation, familiar and yet not fully understood. Few Americans know the artists name, and fewer still learn about his outstanding accomplishments that often broke through racist barriers. Early Life Tanner was born into a religious and well-educated household. His father, Benjamin Tucker Tanner, graduated from college and became a minister (and later bishop) in the African Methodist Episcopalian Church. His mother, Sarah Miller Tanner, was sent north by her mother through the Underground Railroad to escape the slavery she was born into. (The name Ossawa is based on the abolitionist John Browns nickname Osawatomie Brown, in honor of the Battle of Osawatomie, Kansas in 1856. John Brown was convicted of treason and hanged on December 2, 1859.) The Tanner family moved frequently until they settled in Philadelphia in 1864. Benjamin Tanner hoped his son would follow him into the ministry, but Henry had other ideas by the time he was thirteen. Smitten with art, the young Tanner drew, painted and visited Philadelphia exhibitions as often as possible. A short apprenticeship in a flour mill, which compromised Henry Tanners already frail health, convinced Reverend Tanner that his son should choose his own vocation. Training In 1880, Henry Ossawa Tanner enrolled in the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, becoming Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) first African American student. Eakins 1900 portrait of Tanner may reflect the close relationship they developed. Certainly, Eakins Realist training, which demanded meticulous analysis of human anatomy, can be detected in Tanners early works such as The Banjo Lesson and The Thankful Poor (1894, William H. and Camille O. Cosby Collection). In 1888, Tanner moved to Atlanta, Georgia and set up a studio to sell his paintings, photographs and art lessons. Bishop Joseph Crane Hartzell and his wife became Tanners principal patrons and ended up purchasing all his paintings in an 1891 studio exhibition. The income allowed Tanner to head for Europe to further his art education. He traveled to London and Rome and then settled in Paris to study with Jean-Paul Laurens (1838-1921) and Jean Joseph Benjamin Constant (1845-1902) at the Acadà ©mie Julien. Tanner returned to Philadelphia in 1893 and encountered racial prejudice that sent him back to Paris by 1894. The Banjo Lesson, completed during that short period in America, drew from the poem The Banjo Song, published in Paul Lawrence Dunbars (1872-1906) collection Oak and Ivy around 1892-93. Career Back in Paris, Tanner began to exhibit at the annual Salon, winning an honorable mention for Daniel in the Lions Den in 1896 and The Raising of Lazarus in 1897. These two works reflect the predominance of biblical themes in Tanners later work and his stylistic shift to a dreamy, iridescent glow throughout his images. In Birthplace of Joan of Arc at Domrà ©my-la-Pucelle (1918), we can see his impressionistic handling of the sunlight on the facade. Tanner married the American opera singer Jessie Olsson in 1899, and their son Jesse Ossawa Tanner was born in 1903. In 1908, Tanner exhibited his religious paintings in a solo show at the American Art Galleries in New York. In 1923, he became an honorary chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor, Frances highest award of recognition. In 1927, he became the first African American full academician elected into the National Academy of Design in New York. Tanner died at home on May 25, 1937, most likely in Paris, though some sources claim that he died in his country home in Etaples, Normandy. In 1995, Tanners early landscape Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City, ca. 1885, became the first work by an African American artist acquired by the White House. This was during the Clinton Administration.   Important Works Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City, ca. 1885, White House, Washington, D.C.The Banjo Lesson, 1893, Hampton University Museum, Hampton, VirginiaThe Thankful Poor, 1894, William H. and Camille O. Cosby CollectionDaniel in the Lions Den, 1896, Los Angeles County Museum of ArtThe Raising of Lazarus, 1897, Musà ©e dOrsay, Paris Sources: Tanner, Henry Ossawa. The Story of An Artists Life, pp. 11770-11775.Page, Walter Hines and Arthur Wilson Page (eds.). The Worlds work, Volume 18.New York: Doubleday, Page Co., 1909 Driskell, David C. Two Hundred Years of African American Art.Los Angeles and New York: Los Angeles County Museum and Alfred A. Knopf, 1976 Mathews, Marcia M. Henry Ossawa Tanner: American Artist.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969 and 1995 Bruce, Marcus. Henry Ossawa Tanner: A Spiritual Biography.New York: Crossroad Publishing, 2002 Sims, Lowery Stokes. African American Art: 200 Years.New York: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, 2008

Plato’s Theory of Forms Essay - 1719 Words

Plato’s Theory of Forms Plato was born, the son of Ariston and Perictione, in about 428 BC. His family, on both sides, was among the most distinguished in Athens. He was born in Athens into a very wealthy family and as a young man was a student of Socrates. Plato is probably one of the best-known philosophers. Plato embarked on a period of extensive travel, returning to Athens some years later. In 387 BCE he established the Academy, a school devoted to philosophical debate and learning. Aristotle was a student at the Academy for about the last twenty years of Plato’s life. At the heart of all Plato’s philosophy is his Theory of Forms, sometimes called the Theory of Ideas. Plato†¦show more content†¦They know of nothing else and assume that there can never be anything beyond the shadows. The world of sense is at a constant change, so how can the truth be known if the world never stays the same from one moment to the next. Plato believed there was a certain truth, but this material world cannot answer it. The material world only presents appearances, which lead us to make opinions, not knowledge. Plato believes there is truth on a different plane, on the non-material world of forms. He alleged that in order for something to be real, it had to be permanent and unchanging. In order to see exactly what a form is and how it differs from a material object, we need to look at the first two of the properties that characterize the forms. The forms are transcendent. This means that they do not exist in space and time. A material object, a basketball, exists at a particular place at a particular time. A form, roundness, does not exist at any place or time. The forms exist, or subsist, in a different way. This is especially important because it explains why the forms are unchanging. A form such as roundness will never change; it does not even exist in time. It is the same at all times or places in which it might be instantiated. A form does not exist in space in that it can be instantiatedShow MoreRelatedPlato’s Theory of Forms2058 Words   |  9 Pages Plato’s theory of forms â€Å"Everything which exist in this world and all things that we see around us are not as they appear to us† this is the core idea behind plato’s theory of forms.From this idea only he moves towards explaining his world of forms or ideas. In his book called THE REPUBLIC he tell us that the â€Å"Good†is the end of all endeavour,it is the object on which every heart is set,so this good according to him has a form,infact all the abstract ideas likeRead MoreExplain the Criticisms of Platos Theory of the Forms.1584 Words   |  7 PagesPlatos theory of forms, also called his theory of ideas, states that there is another world, separate from the material world that we live in called the eternal world of forms. This world, to Plato, is more real than the one we live in. His theory is shown in his Allegory of the Cave (from The Republic, Book VII), where the prisoners only live in what they think is a real world, but really it is a shadow of reality. According to Plato, to the prisoners in the allegory and to humanity in the materialRead MoreOverview Of Plato And Platos Theory Of The Four Forms1896 Words   |  8 Pagesquestion has been a major topic of many philosophical discussions. This debate has caused many phi losophers to give potential answers to the problem, yet no one agrees on one idea. Of these potential answers, two well-known ones are Platos Theory of Forms and Aristotles Theory of the Four Causes.   Despite their common focus on knowledge, the two philosophers differ in their beliefs in how knowledge is obtained. Plato places a bigger emphasis on the soul being the source of true knowledge, while AristotleRead MoreDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe ideas introduced by Plato on the theory of forms, where deducted and critiqued by Aristotle. Both philosophers can be viewed as having opposing ideologies. Nonetheless, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement on certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not acceptRead MoreThe Main Elements Of Plato s Cave1152 Words   |  5 Pagesof life is when men are afraid of the light† – Plato In this paper the main elements of Plato’s cave will be described along with a short explanation of Plato’s theory of forms, which is what the cave allegory is attempting to address. A brief description of the plot of the movie â€Å"The Island â€Å"will follow. This will be followed by an explanation of how the movie correlates to the elements of Plato’s cave. Finally, the conclusion will discuss what Plato was hoping to achieve with the cave allegoryRead MoreThe Utopian Views Of Plato And Platos Political State741 Words   |  3 Pagesequals, contrary to Plato’s strict utopian structure and group over individual hierarchy view of the ideal state. Plato’s ideal state is strictly structured through a utopian ideal. Everything within Plato’s ideal state has a place and purpose, and everyone within it is aware of that. While the state works for the people as a whole instead of individual, Plato also proposes the idea of propaganda to mold even the lowest of his utopia into model citizens for the state. Plato’s state is the essenceRead MorePlato s Theory Of Form1111 Words   |  5 PagesPlato coined the term â€Å"Socratic questioning† to encourage the open discussion of philosophical theory for the purpose of improving said theory. Aristotle took advantage of the practice of Socratic questioning to inquire about Plato’s theory of Form and its explanation of causality in comparison to Aristotle’s own theories of causality and being. Aristotle criticizes Plato’s theory of Form because it only accounted for a one-dimensional explanation of what things are made up of and what identifi esRead MoreEssay Explain the Platonic Concept of Forms748 Words   |  3 PagesPlatonic concept of Forms. Plato believed that reality is more than what we sense around the world (e.g. taste, smell, hear, see and touch), he believed that behind these physical realities lies a perfect version of them in which he called Forms and that the greatest thing we can learn is to have knowledge and understanding of them. Plato’s theory means that what we can sense around us (for example a chair) is just a mere shadow of the perfect version which exists in the world of Forms. The perfect versionRead MoreWhat Plato Meant by the Form of the Good Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesMeant by the Form of the Good The basis of Platos philosophy is his theory of Ideas, or doctrine of Forms while the notion of Forms is essential to Platos philosophy, over years of philosophical study, it has been difficult to understand what these Forms are supposed to be, and the purpose of their existence. When examining Platos forms and evaluating the theory, some conclusions have proved to be unclear and unanswered. However, the doctrine of Forms is essentialRead MoreAbsolute Realism Vs. Hylemorphism1309 Words   |  6 Pagesideas hold some similarities, but Aristotle is more considered as â€Å"moderate realist,† compared to Plato as an â€Å"absolute realist.† Generally speaking, Plato’s interpretation of â€Å"what is real,† reflected in his absolute realism, differs from that of Aristotle’s, reflected in his hylemorphism, to a large extent; besides, Aristotle’s theory of matter and form, is the more convincing one because of the soundness of his arguments and in-depth analysis of the nature of being. Given that Plato and Aristotle

Climate change Free Essays

This documentary tells us about how climate changes exist nowadays. How Global Warming keeps on bursting as years goes by. How these pandemic greatly affect our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Climate change or any similar topic only for you Order Now How these worldwide pandemic can be very deadly. It helps us to be open minded of the things happening around us. On what would be its greatest effect for the future generations and what could we do for our Mother Earth. Global warming and climate change has been the most pandemic kind Of problem in today’s generation as technology rises. NO one r anybody could tell how these pandemic can be stopped. But we humans, can make a difference and control these pandemic for the future generations. We have the power to control these if we only have enough knowledge about these pandemic. Since most of us have not been informed with the rapid increase of water and temperature and as the climate is not behaving accordingly to its normal form, most of us are seemingly doing the things to be done in an easy way as we live everyday. We take everything for granted. We do not mind the pandemic that may kill us anytime. We even ignore the rises of other people who want that all of us should unite and make a difference for this world. Many specialists are really bothered of the rapid increase of the behavior of the pandemic. We do need to be really informed by these things, we should be responsible to be open minded and take action to it. Each one of us owns this world; we must protect it and care for it. Let us just not take everything for granted and leave these problems to the higher ones, let us take a step and do a difference even though in our own simple way. Simple things can surely make a difference for our Mother Earth. As early as possible, we should take action in our own simple ways to ease these pandemic. It is not only for us, but also for all humankind. We should take action for the future generations, for our children and grandchildren to be. If we do not act now, then when? Do we need to wait for the true calling of Mother Earth, which is the day that we are suffering to save our lives? How to cite Climate change, Papers Climate Change Free Essays Topic: â€Å"There is nothing that we as individuals can do to prevent climate change†. During last several decades, industrialization and human activities have produced greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide). These gases make the earth’s temperature higher that leads to more serious events, such as ice smelting, floods, storms and droughts. We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is called â€Å"climate change†. Climate change would have significant impacts on environment, economy and the way we live so it needs to be prevented. In my opinion, there are several things that everybody as individual can do to reduce pollution and prevent climate change, including reducing greenhouse gases, saving energies and reducing waste. Firstly, we can use car less by using some alternative means, such as public transport, sharing a ride, walking or cycling. We also can buy locally products so we can reduce goods transportation. Therefore, we can help reduce gas consumption and reduce carbon dioxide. Secondly, we can save energies to decrease the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. For example, we can replace a regular bulb with a compact one; turn off all electrical equipment when they are not in use; wash our clothes in cold water instead of hot water and try to use sun light to dry clothes instead of a dryer. Thirdly, we can limit the amount of waste to reduce pollution. We should recycle many things like paper, cans, and glass bottles and avoid using products with a lot of packaging. We can also use reusable shopping bags instead of plastic bags. These things not only help us save money but we also help protecting environment. For all above reasons, I think everybody as an individual can do many things to prevent climate change. How to cite Climate Change, Papers

Learning and Communicating Online

Question: Discuss how your experiences as a consumer, produce and sharer of information in the online world have assisted you in developing 21st Century skills and provide examples that demonstrate this. Discuss how the development of an informational resource, or your work in the discussion board, has helped you understand how to evaluate the credibility of online sources in an academic environment. Identify some of the advantages and limitations of working collaboratively in an online community and reflect on how you might exploit advantages and overcome the limitations. Answer: The purpose of preparing this essay is to assess the importance of the making communication and to learn through online. From the perspective of the consumer, I can say that the learning from the 21st century is quite different from the learning techniques that prevail in the recent times. The concept of learning online is characterized by effectiveness and popularity. The recent estimates make a clear indication that approximately over four million students in the territory of North America are opting for the courses that are delivered online. The points of study for the evolution of online learning are primarily due to the several options for the instruction between the teacher-student. In addition to that, I can say that for the evolution of techniques of learning through online opens the avenue for the teacher and student to make the interaction through several modes of interaction. The concept of online learning had evolved from a long time back when the teachers and lecturers t hrough the process of teleconference delivered the instructions (Buckingham and Willett 2013). From the point of view of consumers, the process of online learning and communication is a great boon. It is because through that process the online learner gets the advantage to make the access the renounced libraries of the world sitting at home. It is of great help to me and the other online readers. The act of accessing the global libraries helps me to avoid the get the required data easily rather than running to the library and search the books. The online learning process also helps in the finding of any important study material at any point of time. Hence, my point as a consumer, the process of online learning is extremely helpful and useful (Carroll et al. 2013). From the perspective of a producer, I can say that the process of online learning is also important equally. As a producer, I can search and get any information that I require for producing any assignment through the process of online learning. For the purpose of referring, I often use the online sources. It helps in making my assignment of high quality. Hence, through the process of online learning and communication, I can produce and prepare my assignment very easily without wasting a lot of time doing the assignments through the earlier methods of learning (Giesbers et al. 2014). From the point of view of the sharer, I can share and get any information through the method of online learning. It becomes extremely easily for me to share any assignment with my friends and get the same help from my friends. I can also get any assignment from my teacher or instructor at any point in time. It helps me to complete my assignment at the stipulated time. I can also share my completed assignment with my university through uploading the same on the website of the university at any point in time. It helps me to avoid the preparing heavy projects for sharing with my teachers. Hence, online learning helps in sharing of useful information relating to academic learning from the teacher at any time. The techniques of online learning help in communicating with my teacher very easily (Grace et al. 2014). Now, the important topic of discussion in this essay is regarding the credibility of the online sources. It can be said that any online source may be termed as credible in case that souces makes the satisfaction of the five conditions specified by Metger in the year 2007. The conditions that make the determination of the credibility of any online source are authorship that relates the fact of the person who has written the material. The next condition is the purpose of the purpose of the online source that has been chosen by me. The purpose makes the reflection of the motive with which the online material is prepared. The third factor that denotes the credibility is the procedure that is used in preparing the online source. The procedure of the online source refers to the process of developing the online source (Jolliffe et al. 2012). The next important factor in judging the credibility is for knowing the reliability of online source by me. The basic and the primary questions of credibility refers to the questions "who, how and why" that is an addition to the question of the when the resource was produced. From the general perspective, I aim to choose those resources that are not excessive of five years older unless such source is written by the seminal authors or are seminal texts. The term seminal text refers to the text that reflects a strong influence on the ideas in any particular field (Kear et al. 2014). In my opinion, the sources that are reliable must make the fulfillment of certain conditions. The c conditions are that the source must be relevant. The term relevant refers to the source must of immense relevance to the topic that is to be discussed. The second condition is that the source must be verifiable. The term verifiable means and denotes that information that possesses the capability of being corroborated by other sources that are credible. The third condition is that the source must be unbiased. The term unbiased means the source must not possess any biases (Means et al. 2014). The next concept that has to be taken into consideration by me is the factor whether I am information literate or not. The term information literate means and relates to my capacity to get engaged with the data and knowledge that is available online along and the techniques that are to be applied from my side for making the interpretation of such data. Very often, it is observed through the act of people that they tend to believe every data that they see online (Salmon 2013). There are certain guidelines that are provided by the Australian and New Zealand Literacy Framework for making the identification of reliable sources that are available online. The Australian and New Zealand Literacy Framework recommended that every information-literate person must follow. The first recommendation is that the every information-literate person must make the recognition of the need of getting information. Every information-literate person must make the determination of the extent to which the information is required. Every information-literate person must make the access the information that is available much efficiently (Simpson 2013). There is the requirement of every information-literate person to make the critical evaluation of the sources of information and the information itself. There is also the requirement for every information-literate person to manipulate, store and make the classification and redrafting the information that is generated and collected. Every information-literate person must make the incorporation of the information that is selected from my database of knowledge. There is also the requirement of every information-literate person to make the usage of the information make the learning and make the creation of new knowledge and for making quick decisions and solving problems (Simonson and Zvacek 2014). There are certain advantages and disadvantages of working online in collaboration. The primary advantage is that when people collaborate to learn online, then they can make the division of work that has to be done and it also helps in the finding of proper sources of information that are required in making any particular assignment. The advantage lies in making the effective study through the division of work among the participants of collaborative learning online. In the case of any huge study, it is not possible for one person to make the research of efficient information through searching online. Hence, at the time, it is essential for making the study through collaborating online. The collaboration for making the online study also helps in the availability important information that is not available otherwise while making the individual study (Watson et al. 2014). In addition to the advantages, there are also certain disadvantages of making online study through collaboration. The primary disadvantage that can be associated with the online study through collaboration is the non-participation of all the participants in collaboration. It is seen in several conditions that the participants in the collaborative learning do not make the active participation in making the research through online. Such participants often tend to make the gain through the findings of the other participants of the collaboration. The non-participation of any participant affects the working motivation of participants that are involved working in the collaboration actively (Yan et al. 2013). The primary objective of the collaborative participation in online learning shall be that all the members shall participate actively in making the research work. This would help to address the goals of online learning through collaboration. Hence, from the above discussion the process of online learning and communication is of immense importance and helpful for the students and me. The primary process for making online learning shall involve in recognizing the credibility of the source and then analyze the data available online in the knowledge database. Reference List Buckingham, D. and Willett, R., 2013.Digital generations: Children, young people, and the new media. Routledge. Carroll, J.A., Diaz, A., Meiklejohn, J., Newcomb, M. and Adkins, B., 2013. Collaboration and competition on a wiki: The praxis of online social learning to improve academic writing and research in under-graduate students.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,29(4), pp.513-525. Giesbers, B., Rienties, B., Tempelaar, D. and Gijselaers, W., 2014. A dynamic analysis of the interplay between asynchronous and synchronous communication in online learning: The impact of motivation.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning,30(1), pp.30-50. Grace, E., Raghavendra, P., Newman, L., Wood, D. and Connell, T., 2014. Learning to use the Internet and online social media: What is the effectiveness of home-based intervention for youth with complex communication needs?.Child Language Teaching and Therapy, p.0265659013518565. Jolliffe, A., Ritter, J. and Stevens, D., 2012.The online learning handbook: Developing and using web-based learning. Routledge. Kear, K., Chetwynd, F. and Jefferis, H., 2014. Social presence in online learning communities: the role of personal profiles.Research in Learning Technology,22. Means, B., Bakia, M. and Murphy, R., 2014.Learning online: What research tells us about whether, when and how. Routledge. Salmon, G., 2013.E-tivities: The key to active online learning. Routledge. Simonson, M. and Zvacek, S., 2014.Teaching and learning at a distance. Information Age Pub. Simpson, O., 2013.Supporting students in online open and distance learning. Routledge. Watson, J., Pape, L., Murin, A., Gemin, B. and Vashaw, L., 2014. Keeping pace with K-12 digital learning: An annual review of policy and practice.Evergreen Education Group. Yan, F., Sundaram, S., Vishwanathan, S.V.N. and Qi, Y., 2013. Distributed autonomous online learning: Regrets and intrinsic privacy-preserving properties.Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on,25(11), pp.2483-2493.